ART SUPPLIES

Products bearing the AP Approved product seal of the Art and Creative Materials Institute, Inc. contain no materials in sufficient quantities to be toxic or injurious to humans or to cause acute or chronic health problems. In addition, there is no physical hazard as defined within 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 (c).

Products bearing the CL Health Label (Cautions Required) seal of the Art and Creative Materials Institute, Inc. are certified to be properly labeled according to the chronic hazard labeling standard, ASTM D-4236 and the U.S. Labeling of Hazardous Art Materials Act (LHAMA).

Please Note:

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Lead-free glazes and non-leaded frits have been developed for use in institutions and by consumers such as children who need a glaze that requires no extraordinary health and safety precautions during handling and use.

If the use of leaded glazes in the curriculum of a Vocational Technical High School is necessary for career path training of students, it is recommended that an appropriate, protective leaded glaze safety program be implemented that will include: (1) education of students and staff regarding the hazards of leaded glaze, (2) instruction regarding the health and safety precautions that must be taken when working with leaded glaze, and (3) the development of a documented handling, storage, and clean-up protocol for the use of such potentially hazardous glazes.

If leaded glaze or other lead containing supplies are used in your classrooms, school administrators are required to abide by the OSHA Lead Standard (29 CFR 1910.1025) and the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) regarding worker safety and protection. These Standards include requirements to perform initial air and dust monitoring, and the possible implementation of extensive safety precautions, blood lead testing and monitoring of workers, installation of special ventilation systems, and a formal documented staff training program regarding the hazards of using lead on the job and precautions that must be taken. Please contact the CT Department of Labor at (860) 263-6901 to ensure that your district is in compliance with these laws.

You may contact staff in the Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control Program at (860) 509-7299 or the Environmental & Occupational Health Assessment Program at (860) 509-7740 should you have any questions regarding this information sheet.

Leaded Ceramic Glazes Advisory final 04.04.06

4/04/2006

3

•

• The LHD will review the situation and may advise that a DPH Licensed Lead Consultant Contractor be contacted. The Consultant Contractor will assign a DPH Certified Lead Inspector Risk Assessor (LIRA) who will review the overall situation with the LHD, assess the level of risk, conduct sampling for dust lead hazards as warranted¹, and develop site specific clean-up plan(s) for the facility or facilities. The plan(s) will be submitted to the LHD for review and approval. The plan(s) should include:

• Cleaning shall be followed by clearance testing that is conducted by a DPH Certified Lead Inspector (LI), LIRA, or by trained LHD staff. Clearance testing is to include visual inspection and dust wipe sampling in all areas. Reoccupancy and/or use of affected areas and surfaces shall not occur until cleared for reoccupancy. Lead in dust clearance criteria as listed in the CT Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control Regulations Section 19a-111-3(j), should be utilized. It is recommended that the most stringent clearance standard (40 μg/ft^{2) be used for any surface that is tested for which no specific standard exists.}

• If leaded glazes have been fired in the past, kiln brick may have absorbed lead and this lead could be deposited during current firings. In such circumstances any other pottery that has been fired in the same kiln should be considered to be contaminated with lead and potentially harmful unless proven otherwise by lead testing. In such cases, or when leaded glaze has been used on pottery, parents should be notified that such pottery should not be handled by children and should be considered unsafe for food storage. Remember that people may use art creations for purposes other than intended. They may drink or eat out of products that are not intended for that purpose. As mentioned above, the kiln should be included as an area of concern when the lead consultant designs a clean-up project. If your kiln was contaminated, consult with the manufacturer of the kiln to determine how best to clean it. In certain situations, replacement may be advisable.

• In the future, order, stock, and use only those glaze products that are labeled as "Non-hazardous", and "Conforms to ASTM D-4236". Such labeling confirms that the product has been tested and appropriately labeled for acute and chronic health hazards. Carefully review the descriptions of any products that you purchase from art resource catalogs to ensure they are labeled lead-free.

• Products should never be removed from their original container and stored in another container because important health and safety information will be lost.

Art and Creative Materials Institute:   

CT DPH and SDE Letter on Asbestos in Clay:

State of Connecticut
Department of Public Health
Environmental Health Section
Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control Program
LEAD-BASED PAINT IN SCHOOLS: MAINTENANCE & RENOVATION WORK

Was Your School Building Built Before 1978? If so…
The State of Connecticut Department of Public Health strongly recommends that you take appropriate
safety precautions before you conduct any maintenance activities or perform renovations on
painted surfaces at your school.
Why School Officials Should Utilize Lead-Safe Work Practices At Their School….
Lead-based paint, which was banned from use in schools in 1978, is considered safe as long as it
remains intact. However, if the paint cracks, chips, or flakes, or is disturbed during routine maintenance
or renovation activities, the resulting paint chips, dust, or vapors can be inhaled or ingested. This causes
a health hazard to both children and adults. Lead-based paint may be present on any interior or exterior
painted surface including playground equipment.
When children are exposed to lead hazards, their brain and nervous system can be negatively affected.
They may suffer hearing and visual impairments, slowed growth, and headaches. They may also
develop behavior and learning problems, such as a shortened attention span, language or speech
deficits, poor performance on math and reading tests, or developmental delays that require special
education services. Childhood blood lead levels greater than or equal to 10 micrograms of lead per
deciliter of blood (>10μg/dL) have been associated with lowered IQ, lower class standing in high school,
increased absenteeism, lower vocabulary and grammatical-reasoning scores, and poor hand-eye
coordination. (2 Korfmacher 2003) Children with high blood lead levels are more likely to develop
reading disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and behavioral problems. (3 Needleman 2004,
1 Brown 2002) It is estimated that approximately twenty percent of children with blood lead levels
>20μg/dL require an average of three years of special education. (4 Schwartz 1994)
Children who have been exposed to lead also have an increased risk of aggressive behavior, greater
delinquency, and higher school dropout rates. Some studies indicate that up to ten percent of juvenile
delinquency could be attributed to lead exposure. (2 Korfmacher 2003)
Lead exposure in adults can cause reproductive and digestive problems, high blood pressure, nerve
disorders, memory and concentration problems, and muscle and joint pain.
What Does the CT DPH Recommend To Protect the Safety Of Children and Staff During
Maintenance or Renovation Work on Painted Surfaces?
• Identify all lead-based paint (LBP), or assume that all painted surfaces contain LBP, in
schools built before 1978. Identify LBP or assume that paint on older playground equipment
is lead-based. Use a CT licensed lead consultant contractor that employs CT certified lead
inspectors for lead inspection and testing. Develop a LBP management plan so that staff are
aware which surfaces should be handled with care.
• Provide staff with the support, tools, and equipment they need to work in a lead-safe manner.
Staff involved in renovation, repainting, or maintenance projects that will disturb paint should
take a one-day HUD approved Lead-Safe Work Practices training course given by a CT
approved training provider.
• Repair any cracked, chipped, or peeling paint using lead-safe work practices*.
• Prohibit tasks that create uncontrolled lead dust, chips, or fumes (e.g., dry sanding, burning,
dry scraping, or water blasting).
• Ensure proper containment and cleanup throughout the duration of the project.
• Protect surrounding soil areas from contamination if exterior work is being performed.
• Schedule major renovations and painting projects for summer months or at other times when
children and staff will not be present. This will minimize exposure and allow enough time for
clean up after completion of the project.
• Perform lead-in-dust sampling upon completion of projects that disturb two square feet or
more of painted surfaces to ensure that proper clean up occurred.
• Never allow parents or untrained staff or volunteers to perform any task that might disturb
lead painted surfaces.
Does The State of CT Department of Public Health Require Lead-Safe Work Practices or
the Use of Licensed/Certified Lead Abatement Workers for Maintenance or Renovation
Work on Painted Surfaces in Schools?
Schools do not fall under the requirements of the State of CT DPH Lead Poisoning Prevention and
Control Regulations 19a-111-1 through 19a-111-11 or related CT General Statutes, unless the school:
• houses a day-care (preschool and kindergarten classes do not fall under the
requirements unless they are a licensed daycare service or center);
• provides residence to children under the age of six; or
• is thought to be a source of exposure to a lead poisoned child as determined by the
local Director of Health through an epidemiological investigation.
However, if renovations are being performed at the school, and the school administration desires that the
work be conducted as a lead abatement project consistent with lead abatement standards (e.g., so
stipulated in Request for Proposal (RFP), scope of work, project design, HUD documents, etc.), then the
contractor performing the work must be licensed and employ certified lead abatement workers as
required by the State of CT DPH Licensing and Certification Regulations.
Contact the following Federal and State agencies to ensure that your project is in compliance with
requirements regarding lead-based paint maintenance and renovation activities. You should also consult
with your local building, housing, and health departments regarding local ordinances that may prohibit  certain paint removal activities in your area.
• State of CT Department of Environmental Protection: (860) 424-3023
• United States Environmental Protection Agency: (888) 372-7341
• State of CT Occupational Safety and Health Administration: (860) 263-6900
• United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration: (860) 240-3152
*To Learn About Lead-Safe Work Practices, Please Visit Our Website:
www.dph.state.ct.us/brs/lead/lead_program.htm
(and Select the “Lead-Safe Work Practices” Link)
For further information, you may also contact our Department at:
410 Capital Avenue, MS# 51 LED
PO Box 340308
Hartford, CT 06134-0308
Telephone: (860) 509-7299/ Facsimile: (860) 509-7295
References:
1. Brown, MJ. (2002). Costs and Benefits of Enforcing Housing policies to Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning. Medical Decision
Making, 22 (6):482-92.
2. Korfmacher KS (2003). Long-term costs of lead poisoning: how much can New York save by stopping lead?
http://www.afhh.org/aa/aa_state%20_local_lead_costs_NYrep.pdf.
3. Needleman, HL (2004). Lead Poisoning, Annual Review of Medicine 55: 209-22.
4. Schwartz, J (1994). Societal Benefits of Reducing Lead Exposure, Environmental Research 66: 105-124. 

RELATED LINKS

EPA Facts on Lead:  www.epa.gov/iaq/lead.html

EPA Facts on Volatile Organic Compounds:  www.epa.gov/iaq/voc.html

INFORM Fact Sheet on Art Departments:  INFORM Art Departments.pdf

US Consumer Product Safety Commission website section on Arts and Crafts Safety:

http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/5015.pdf

University of Florida Art Teaching Resources Web site section on Hazards in the Art Classroom: http://www.arts.ufl.edu/art/rt_room/teach/art_hazards.html

STATE OF CONNECTICUT

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

TO: Superintendents of Schools

FROM: Mark K. McQuillan

Commissioner of Education

J. Robert Galvin, M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A.

Commissioner of Public Health

DATE: June 26, 2007

Subject: Potential Asbestos Hazard in Art Clay

The Connecticut Departments of Public Health (DPH) and Education (DOE) are writing to inform you about a potential asbestos hazard in art clays used in schools. The DPH has learned that some clays sold to schools in Connecticut may have asbestos contamination as a result of “talc” that is added to certain clays. Talc is added to certain clays as a “flux” to lower the temperature at which the clay needs to be heated. The DPH has become aware that the talc from at least one mine in the Northeast may be contaminated with a type of asbestos called anthophyllite. Although there has been debate if the asbestos found in talc actually falls under the regulatory definition of asbestos, there is enough uncertainty to warrant caution when using clays with added talc. A recent court case in New Jersey found talc mined by the R.T. Vanderbilt Company of New York was responsible for an asbestos-related cancer ( mesothelioma) in a pottery shop owner. The pottery shop owner had purchased talc (Nytal 100) in large bags and mixed it in clays he used and sold. DPH is concerned if such talc is used in Connecticut schools it could cause exposure to airborne asbestos in art rooms. Exposure to airborne asbestos has been linked to disease, most notably an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Although most clays are purchased and used in a wet form, and therefore are unlikely to become airborne, pieces that fall off will dry and may create a dust in the room. Additionally, some dried clay pieces may also be sanded or chipped. Presently, there is limited information available regarding exposure to asbestos found in talc used in art clay and the health risk that it may present. Given these facts, the DPH and DOE are advising school officials to inventory all art clays for the potential presence of talc. The federal government has not made a final determination regarding the need to address the presence of asbestos in art clay. The DPH has asked the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to look into this question, but we do not expect an answer in the short term. In the meantime, the DPH advises you to ask your art material supplier if the clay they sell to your district contains talc. Since there are non-talc alternatives for most art clays, the DPH recommends that you should consider using them until the CPSC arrives at a final conclusion on the nature of asbestos in some talc. Further, the DPH recommends that you conduct a thorough wet wipe cleaning of art rooms or kilns where talc added clays were used. Alternatively, a HEPA vacuuming of the area will also pick up any fibers left behind by past activities.

If leaded glazes have been fired in the past, kiln brick may have absorbed lead and this lead could be deposited during current firings. In such circumstances any other pottery that has been fired in the same kiln should be considered to be contaminated with lead and potentially harmful unless proven otherwise by lead testing. In such cases, or when leaded glaze has been used on pottery, parents should be notified that such pottery should not be handled by children and should be considered unsafe for food storage. Remember that people may use art creations for purposes other than intended. They may drink or eat out of products that are not intended for that purpose. As mentioned above, the kiln should be included as an area of concern when the lead consultant designs a clean-up project. If your kiln was contaminated, consult with the manufacturer of the kiln to determine how best to clean it. In certain situations, replacement may be advisable.

 Stop using the materials immediately, and safely dispose of those materials as hazardous waste. Notify the local health department (LHD).The LHD will review the situation and may advise that a DPH Licensed Lead1, and develop site specific clean-up plan(s) for the facility or facilities. The area of concern. Any existing lead-containing glazes shall be disposed of safely in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations.

We will keep you informed of any developments in this area. If you or your staff have any questions, please feel free to call Brian Toal, Supervising Epidemiologist 4, of the DPH, Environmental and Occupational

Health Assessment Program at (860) 509-7740

Phone: (860) 509-7740 Fax: (860) 509-7785

Telephone Device for the Deaf (860) 509-7191

410 Capitol Avenue - MS # 11EOH

P.O. Box 340308 Hartford, CT 06134

An Equal Opportunity Employer

  Stop using the materials immediately, and safely dispose of those materials as hazardous waste. Notify the local health department (LHD).The LHD will review the situation and may advise that a DPH Licensed Lead1, and develop site specific clean-up plan(s) for the facility or facilities. The area of concern. Any existing lead-containing glazes shall be disposed of safely in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Department of Public Health

Lead Poisoning Prevention & Control Program

Environmental & Occupational Health Assessment Program

Use of Leaded Ceramic Glazes in School Art Classes

Product Advisory and Information Sheet

The Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) is advising officials in school districts across the state to inventory all ceramic glazes and frits for the potentially harmful element of lead. Such products pose a risk of lead exposure for students and staff. Leaded ceramic glazes are generally applied to pottery, which is then fired in a kiln. Working with these glazes can pose a health risk, especially to children and women of childbearing age, as well as to developing fetuses. Lead exposure can cause adverse health effects including, but not limited to, damage to the brain and nervous systems, lowered IQ, behavior and learning problems, headaches, reproductive problems in men and women, high blood pressure, digestive problems, nerve disorders, memory and concentration problems, and muscle and joint pain. It is important to review any ceramic glaze materials that are used in public schools (and to the extent possible, those that were used in the past) to determine whether leaded glazes are or have been used, and to determine if lead hazards may have been created.

It is the position of the CT DPH that only non-toxic, non-leaded glazes and frits should be used in school systems in Connecticut. We strongly discourage the use of toxic glazes by individuals who may not be able to read or understand the manufacturer’s safety instructions, or by women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. The Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) as amended by the Labeling of Hazardous ArtMaterials Act (LHAMA), authorizes the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission to take action against a school and enjoin the purchase of any art material that would require labeling for chronic health hazards (essentially prohibiting the use of leaded glaze in the primary grades). The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission recommends that schools purchase only NON-LEADED GLAZES AND FRITS for use in their classrooms. If it is determined that toxic leaded art materials are currently or have been used in the past in any school facility, the following actions are recommended: 

 It is not possible to know what level of hazard, if any, was created. As a precautionarystep, it would be prudent to stop the use of and restrict access to all areas whereceramic/pottery operations were conducted in conjunction with leaded glazes, including glaze storage areas, kilns, and ventilation systems, until further evaluation is  conducted.

 Consultant Contractor be contacted. The Consultant Contractor will assign a DPH Certified Lead Inspector Risk Assessor (LIRA) who will review the overall situation with the LHD, assess the level of risk, conduct sampling for dust lead hazards as warranted plan(s) will be submitted to the LHD for review and approval. The plan(s) should include:

A review of the historic and/or current use of leaded products within each room and been collected. Equipment and storage areas, as well as ventilation and exhaust systems should be included in the risk assessment.

Documentation of the layout of all rooms, areas, and surfaces where samples have done using wet cleaning and HEPA vacuuming techniques that are specific for cleaning lead contaminated facilities.

A determination of what areas are to be cleaned (including kilns). Cleaning shall be done using wet cleaning and HEPA vacuuming techniques that are specific for cleaning lead contaminated facilities.. The LHD should determine whether the items may be cleaned or should be discarded.

A review of potentially contaminated items that may not be able to be effectively cleaned. The LHD should determine whether the items may be cleaned or should be discarded

Cleaning shall be followed by clearance testing that is conducted by a DPH Certified
Lead Inspector (LI), LIRA, or by trained LHD staff. Clearance testing is to include
visual inspection and dust wipe sampling in all areas. Reoccupancy and/or use of
affected areas and surfaces shall not occur until cleared for reoccupancy. Lead in
dust clearance criteria as listed in the CT Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control
Regulations Section 19a-111-3(j), should be utilized. It is recommended that the most
stringent clearance standard (40 g/ft2) be used for any surface that is tested for which
no specific standard exists

In the future, order, stock, and use only those glaze products that are labeled as “Nonhazardous”,
and “Conforms to ASTM D-4236”. Such labeling confirms that the product
has been tested and appropriately labeled for acute and chronic health hazards.
Carefully review the descriptions of any products that you purchase from art resource
catalogs to ensure they are labeled lead-free. 

Products should never be removed from their original container and stored in another
container because important health and safety information will be lost.

1 As an alternative, areas where there is a probability of lead contamination may be cleaned without prior sampling using wet cleaning and HEPA vacuuming techniques that are specific for cleaning lead contaminated facilities. Such cleaning shall be followed by clearance testing as described herein.

The Art and Creative Materials Institute, Inc. (ACMI) is a non-profit association of  manufacturer’s of art, craft, and other creative materials. ACMI sponsors a  certification program for art materials that includes toxicological assessment of  products in the certification program. ACMI certifies that products meet voluntary  standards of quality and performance and that health warning labels are affixed where  appropriate. ACMI’s toxicologist recommends that lead-containing hobby glazes be  used only by individuals who are capable of following safe use instructions. If  supervision is required, only lead-free, non-toxic hobby glazes should be used. Art
products that have been evaluated by the ACMI for content of toxic materials are  labeled with the following seals:

Products bearing the AP Approved product seal of the Art and Creative Materials Institute, Inc. contain no
materials in sufficient quantities to be toxic or injurious to humans or to cause acute or chronic health problems.
In addition, there is no physical hazard as defined within 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 (c).
Products bearing the CL Health Label (Cautions Required) seal of the Art and Creative Materials Institute, Inc.
are certified to be properly labeled according to the chronic hazard labeling standard, ASTM D-4236 and the U.S.
Labeling of Hazardous Art Materials Act (LHAMA). [Note: These products lack the “no physical hazard”
qualification.]
Please Note: The AP label on an art product indicates that the product contains no materials in
sufficient quantities to be toxic or injurious to humans or to cause acute or chronic health problems.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lead-free glazes and non-leaded frits have been developed for use in institutions and by consumers
such as children who need a glaze that requires no extraordinary health and safety precautions
during handling and use.
If the use of leaded glazes in the curriculum of a Vocational Technical High School is necessary for
career path training of students, it is recommended that an appropriate, protective leaded glaze safety
program be implemented that will include: (1) education of students and staff regarding the hazards of
leaded glaze, (2) instruction regarding the health and safety precautions that must be taken when
working with leaded glaze, and (3) the development of a documented handling, storage, and clean-up
protocol for the use of such potentially hazardous glazes.
If leaded glaze or other lead containing supplies are used in your classrooms, school administrators
are required to abide by the OSHA Lead Standard (29 CFR 1910.1025) and the OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) regarding worker safety and protection. These
Standards include requirements to perform initial air and dust monitoring, and the possible
implementation of extensive safety precautions, blood lead testing and monitoring of workers,
installation of special ventilation systems, and a formal documented staff training program regarding
the hazards of using lead on the job and precautions that must be taken. Please contact the CT
Department of Labor at (860) 263-6901 to ensure that your district is in compliance with these laws.
You may contact staff in the Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control Program at (860) 509-7299 or
the Environmental & Occupational Health Assessment Program at (860) 509-7740 should you have
any questions regarding this information sheet.

Leaded Ceramic Glazes Advisory final 04.04.06
4/04/2006

INFORM, a nonprofit environmental research organization founded in 1974, is working directly with government
agencies, schools, and health care facilities to minimize the purchase of products that contain mercury, lead,
dioxin, and other persistent, bioaccumulative toxic chemicals (PBTs). Although art-related activities can
involve as many toxic chemicals as a chemistry experiment, art teachers may not be aware of the hazards to human
health and the environment posed by many common art supplies. Many products used by art departments contain
PBTs, or can generate or release PBTs into the environment when they are manufactured, used, discarded, incinerated,
or recycled. Fortunately, environmentally preferable alternatives are often available (see table below).

PRODUCT	PBT'S	PBT-free Alternative
Ceramic glazes	Cadmium, Lead	Lead- and cadmium-free glazes are available in a wide variety of colors to satisfy the needs of most students.
Moth repellants (for textiles)	Naphthalene	Cedar chips and eucalyptus oil can be used to protect theater costumes and other stored textiles.
Pigments used in printing inks, oil paints, and other media	Cadmium, Lead, Mercury	Although exact color matching may not be possible with PBT-free pigments, many colors are available that can substitute in student work.
Polymer clay (designed to harden at conventional oven temperatures)	Dibutyl phthalate, Dioxins	Although PVC-based polymer clay without phthalates may not be available, paper-, flour-, or wax-based clays may be acceptable for many educational and artistic purposes.
Solders for silver jewelry	Cadmium	Cadmium-free solder for silver jewelry is available.
Stained-glass solders	LEAD	Lead-free solders are available for many applications.

It is critically important to properly  dispose of PBT-containing materials and residues as hazardous waste. Do not allow ceramic glazes or slurries, solders, or paint residues to go down any indoor or outdoor drain. Reuse solvents when possible, and dispose
of residues as hazardous waste.

This information was collected from Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) and from documents and databases developed by health and environmental regulatory agencies, independent analytical laboratories, and various industry and environmental groups.
Purchasers should review product MSDSs and ask vendors to supply less toxic alternatives.

Where can purchasers go for more information about INFORM s Purchasing for Pollution Prevention Project? Contact INFORM staff:

Alicia Culver

Project Director

212-361-2400, ext 234

culver@informinc.org

Lara Sutherland
Senior Research Associate
303-377-7048
sutherland@informinc.org

Sarah O’Brien
Senior Outreach Associate
802-479-5535
obrien@informinc.org

Cameron S. Lory
Green Building Specialist
212-361-2400, ext. 232
lory@informinc.org

Kelly Luck
Outreach Consultant
703-242-2195
luck@informinc.org

INFORM is a national nonprofit organization that identifies practical ways of living and doing business that are environmentally sustainable.
Purchasing for Pollution Prevention Program Fact Sheet ©INFORM, Inc. May 2003